Example Neural Systems Involved
- Ventral Striatum
- Amygdala
- Anterior Cingulate Cortex
- Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine
- Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus
- D1 receptors
- NMDA receptors
- Amygdala
Clinical Areas Showing Impairment
- Huntington’s
Cognitive Functions Covered
- Learning
- Emotional Cognition and responding to reinforcement
- Cognitive Flexibility and Response Inhibition
Typical Training Times (depends on strain and age)
- Just a few sessions
- No pre-training required
Scientific Resources
- Nithianantharajah J, Komiyama NH, McKechanie A, et al. (2013) Synaptic scaffold evolution generated components of vertebrate cognitive complexity. Nat Neurosci.;16(1):16-24. - Abstract
- Dalley JW, Chudasama Y, Theobald DE, Pettifer CL, Fletcher CM, Robbins TW. (2002). Nucleus accumbens dopamine and discriminated approach learning: interactive effects of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions and systemic apomorphine administration. Psychopharmacology (Berl).;161(4):425-433.
- Inglis WL, Olmstead MC, Robbins TW. (2000) Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus lesions impair stimulus?reward learning in autoshaping and conditioned reinforcement paradigms. Behav Neurosci.;114(2): 285-294.
- Parkinson JA, Willoughby PJ, Robbins TW, Everitt BJ. (2000) Disconnection of the anterior cingulate cortex and nucleus accumbens core impairs Pavlovian approach behavior: further evidence for limbic corticalventral striatopallidal systems. Behav Neurosci.;114(1):42-63.


